What is the effect on the speed and wavelength of light when a light wave is refracted from a denser medium to a rarer medium?

$A$ ray of light travels from air to water to glass and again from glass to air. Refractive index of water with respect to air is $x$, glass with respect to water is $y$, and air with respect to glass is $z$. Which one of the following is correct?

$A$ tank is filled with water to a height of $12.5 \;cm$. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be $9.4 \;cm$. What is the refractive index of water?
If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index $1.63$ up to the same height,by what distance would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again?

$A$ ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices $\mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3$ and $\mu_4$ as shown in the figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray $CD$ is parallel to the incident ray $AB$,we must have

$A$ girl standing at point $P$ on a beach wishes to reach a point $Q$ in the sea as quickly as possible. She can run at $6 \, kmh^{-1}$ on the beach and swim at $4 \, kmh^{-1}$ in the sea. She should take the path

In refraction,light waves are bent on passing from one medium to the second medium,because,in the second medium